Colon cancer (also called colorectal cancer) is the third most common cancer in both men and women as well as the third most deadly. While incidence rates have been decreasing for most of the past twenty years (colon cancer used to be the number two cancer killer), increased awareness and prevention education is still vital because early stages of the disease do not typically show any symptoms. And, while the number of total diagnoses has been declining, the number of younger adults being diagnosed has been on the rise. Knowing your risks, the symptoms, and how to get screened in a timely manner is potentially life-saving knowledge.
"What are my risks?"
The biggest risk of colon cancer is associated with age. According to the American Cancer Society, 91% of cases are diagnosed in people 50 years of age and older. Other medical or hereditary factors that increase your risk include a family history of the disease, a personal history of other colon-related diseases such as chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and certain inherited genetic conditions. Studies have also found that people with type-2 diabetes are at higher risk.
Non-medical, and easily modifiable risks include obesity, physical inactivity, a diet high in red or processed meats, alcohol consumption, long-term smoking, and possibly very low intake of fruits and vegetables. Consumption of milk and calcium and higher blood levels of vitamin D appear to decrease colorectal cancer risk in research studies.
"What are the symptoms?"
As we mentioned before, early stages of colon cancer typically do not show any symptoms, which is why screenings are so important. More advanced stages of the disease may cause rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, a change in bowel habits, and cramping pain in the lower abdomen. In some cases, anemia can result from blood loss within the bowel, which would cause symptoms such as weakness and excessive fatigue.
Recommendations:
Beginning at age 50, your doctor should start encouraging you to get a colonoscopy. If the results show no polyps or areas of interest, you should plan to schedule another screening in ten years unless you have risk factors that would suggest more frequent follow up screenings. Discuss your personal follow up plans with your physician.
Another screening option is the Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) that can be done at home in the privacy of your own bathroom. Throughout the month of March we have FOBT kits available at no cost. Simply stop by our office at 5835 W. Sunset in Springdale to pick one up, and follow the directions on the package.
If you experience any of the symptoms listed above in yourself or your loved ones, you should pursue evaluation by a medical professional as soon as possible. If your doctor prescribes a screening test and you are unable to pay for one, contact our Save-A-Life program coordinator, Christina Bostian, for information on how to apply for assistance from Hope Cancer Resources. We're here for Northwest Arkansas with support for the journey and education for life.
